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最高人民法院关于审理涉外民商事案件适用国际条约和国际惯例若干问题的解释

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<DIV style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-STYLE: normal; TEXT-ALIGN: center; PADDING-TOP: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN: 0px; LETTER-SPACING: normal; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'>（2023年12月5日最高人民法院审判委员会第1908次会议通过，</DIV>
<P style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-STYLE: normal; TEXT-ALIGN: center; PADDING-TOP: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px; LETTER-SPACING: normal; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'>　　自2024年1月1日起施行）
<P style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-STYLE: normal; TEXT-ALIGN: center; PADDING-TOP: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px; LETTER-SPACING: normal; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'> <SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FLOAT: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; DISPLAY: inline !important; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'>　　为正确审理涉外民商事案件，根据《中华人民共和国对外关系法》、《中华人民共和国涉外民事关系法律适用法》等法律，结合审判实践，制定本解释。<BR style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-STYLE: normal; PADDING-TOP: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN: 0px; LETTER-SPACING: normal; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FLOAT: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; DISPLAY: inline !important; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'>　　第一条  人民法院审理《中华人民共和国海商法》、《中华人民共和国票据法》、《中华人民共和国民用航空法》、《中华人民共和国海上交通安全法》调整的涉外民商事案件，涉及适用国际条约的，分别按照《中华人民共和国海商法》第二百六十八条、《中华人民共和国票据法》第九十五条、《中华人民共和国民用航空法》第一百八十四条、《中华人民共和国海上交通安全法》第一百二十一条的规定予以适用。<BR style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-STYLE: normal; PADDING-TOP: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN: 0px; LETTER-SPACING: normal; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FLOAT: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; DISPLAY: inline !important; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'>　　人民法院审理上述法律调整范围之外的其他涉外民商事案件，涉及适用国际条约的，参照上述法律的规定。国际条约与中华人民共和国法律有不同规定的，适用国际条约的规定，但中华人民共和国声明保留的条款除外。<BR style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-STYLE: normal; PADDING-TOP: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN: 0px; LETTER-SPACING: normal; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FLOAT: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; DISPLAY: inline !important; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'>　　第二条  涉外民商事案件涉及两项或多项国际条约的适用时，人民法院应当根据国际条约中的适用关系条款确定应当适用的国际条约。<BR style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-STYLE: normal; PADDING-TOP: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN: 0px; LETTER-SPACING: normal; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FLOAT: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; DISPLAY: inline !important; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'>　　第三条  国际条约规定当事人可以约定排除或部分排除国际条约的适用，当事人主张依据其约定排除或部分排除国际条约适用的，人民法院予以支持。国际条约限制当事人排除或部分排除国际条约的适用，当事人主张依据其约定排除或部分排除国际条约适用的，人民法院不予支持。<BR style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-STYLE: normal; PADDING-TOP: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN: 0px; LETTER-SPACING: normal; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FLOAT: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; DISPLAY: inline !important; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'>　　第四条  当事人在合同中援引尚未对中华人民共和国生效的国际条约的，人民法院可以根据该国际条约的内容确定当事人之间的权利义务，但违反中华人民共和国法律、行政法规强制性规定或者损害中华人民共和国主权、安全和社会公共利益的除外。<BR style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-STYLE: normal; PADDING-TOP: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN: 0px; LETTER-SPACING: normal; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FLOAT: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; DISPLAY: inline !important; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'>　　第五条  涉外民商事合同当事人明示选择适用国际惯例，当事人主张根据国际惯例确定合同当事人之间的权利义务的，人民法院应予支持。<BR style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-STYLE: normal; PADDING-TOP: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN: 0px; LETTER-SPACING: normal; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FLOAT: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; DISPLAY: inline !important; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'>　　第六条  中华人民共和国法律和中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约没有规定的，人民法院可以适用国际惯例。当事人仅以未明示选择为由主张排除适用国际惯例的，人民法院不予支持。<BR style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-STYLE: normal; PADDING-TOP: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN: 0px; LETTER-SPACING: normal; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FLOAT: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; DISPLAY: inline !important; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'>　　第七条  适用国际条约和国际惯例损害中华人民共和国主权、安全和社会公共利益的，人民法院不予适用。<BR style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-STYLE: normal; PADDING-TOP: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN: 0px; LETTER-SPACING: normal; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FLOAT: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; DISPLAY: inline !important; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'>　　第八条  本解释自2024年1月1日起施行。<BR style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-STYLE: normal; PADDING-TOP: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN: 0px; LETTER-SPACING: normal; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, 宋体; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FLOAT: none; FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: rgb(47,47,47); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; DISPLAY: inline !important; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial'>　　第九条  最高人民法院以前发布的司法解释与本解释不一致的，以本解释为准。

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最高人民法院关于审理涉外民商事案件适用国际条约和国际惯例若干问题的解释